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Advanced Options · ADV-15b · Advanced

Synthetic short stock

How does synthetic short stock express a linear bearish exposure view?

One concept per page · original written lesson · 526 prose words · authored, not installed or production-approved

What you will learn and prerequisites

Read first: Read a contract and its premium, Rights, obligations and expiration, Defined payoff risk is not margin, Read the whole multi-leg ticket

A short call plus a long put at matching strike and expiry creates the opposite synthetic. It behaves linearly at settlement, but the long put does not cap the uncovered call's upside loss.

Construction: read every leg

At equal premiums, terminal P/L is 100×(100−S). Maximum gain is 10,000 at stock zero; upside loss is unbounded. Different strikes would instead produce a risk reversal.

Read the ticket before the graph

BUY means you own an option right; SELL means you accept a short-option obligation. Positive quantities are long and negative quantities are short in the calculation. Check quantity, call/put, strike, multiplier and expiry before netting premium.

All legs in this example share November 20, 2026 expiration. The entry observation is October 6, 2026, with fictional QLT at 100. These are independent illustrative premiums, not a current option chain or executable quotes. The terminal diagram assumes every leg and any shares are resolved at one common settlement price.

Before expiry: time and volatility

In the matching European model, curvature and volatility sensitivities cancel. The actual legal and funding obligations remain separate. Netting theoretical Greeks is not the same as automatically netting delivery.

Manage the position deliberately

Compare the total financing, execution and assignment workflow with other bearish instruments. A short thesis still needs a risk budget and an exit plan. The expiration event matters.

Fictional teaching ticket · no order submission

Synthetic short stock

QLT • reference spot $100 • independent illustrative prices • quote date 2026-10-06

Read action, quantity, type, strike, expiry, premium and multiplier before the payoff
ActionQtyTypeStrikeExpiryPremium/unitMultiplier
SELL1Call1002026-11-204.2100
BUY1Put1002026-11-204.2100
Opening option cash (+received / −paid)0 USD
Entry option fees in cost variant1.3 USD
Shares included0
Joint-terminal results—not a guarantee of interim cash requirements
MeasureBefore costsAfter stated entry fees
Maximum terminal profit10,0009,998.7
Maximum terminal loss magnitudeUnbounded in this terminal modelUnbounded in this terminal model
Breakeven settlement price(s)10099.987

This is a mathematical expiry experiment using the displayed legs, not an executable quote. The slider range is not a risk limit.

$0.65 per option contract on entry only. No exit, assignment, financing or tax costs modeled.

Independent fictional premiums, not one simultaneous arbitrage-consistent chain. All legs realized simultaneously at intrinsic at the same expiry; terminal calculations do not model American early exercise, temporary unhedged positions, forced liquidation or live liquidity. Displayed chart domain is not a tail-risk cap.

From opening cash to a settlement result

Read the opening instructions: sell 1 100 call at 4.20; buy 1 100 put at 4.20. Option opening cash is $0.00 received as a credit. A received credit is not earned profit while the obligation remains open.

Set the common settlement price to 120.00. Calls have intrinsic value max(S−K,0); puts have max(K−S,0). Subtract the opening premium from each intrinsic value, then multiply by signed quantity and the 100-unit multiplier. Shares contribute their price change from their own cost. The calculation popup shows every leg.

The combined result is $-2,000.00 before costs and $-2,001.30 after illustrative opening fees of $1.30. Exit fees, slippage, funding, dividends and taxes are not included. Opening fees are 0.65 per option contract, not a statement of any broker's pricing.

Maximum terminal profit is $10,000.00; maximum terminal loss magnitude is unbounded in this model, before costs. Isolated zero-P/L settlement points in the model: 100. Move the scenario slider across each strike and explain why the slope changes there. A strike is a contract threshold, not a prediction.

This terminal model is useful for comparing risk shapes, but actual American-style assignment, share delivery, forced liquidation or a failed multi-leg exit can produce a different path. A long protective leg is not an automatic instruction that a broker must exercise it when another leg is assigned.

Open the calculation without leaving this lesson

Calculate this exact ticket

Same-page calculation. Closing restores the lesson position and originating control.

P/L = Σ[q × multiplier × (intrinsic − opening premium)] + shares × (S−share entry) − costs

Intrinsic is nonnegative before the signed quantity is applied. This is a fictional terminal calculation.

  1. -1 × 100 × (20.00 − 4.20) = $-1,580.00: 100 call.
  2. +1 × 100 × (0.00 − 4.20) = $-420.00: 100 put.
  3. Opening fees: 1.30.
Before costs $-2,000.00; after entry fees only $-2,001.30.

Maximum risk and breakevens

Same-page calculation. Closing restores the lesson position and originating control.

Evaluate S=0, all strikes and the final tail slope; solve P/L=0 on each linear segment.

Same-expiry payoffs are piecewise linear. A finite chart range cannot prove a tail is bounded.

  1. Maximum terminal profit is $10,000.00; maximum terminal loss magnitude is unbounded in this model, before costs.
  2. Breakeven points: 100.
  3. Costs shift net P/L downward without moving the strikes.
Maximum terminal profit is $10,000.00; maximum terminal loss magnitude is unbounded in this model, before costs.

The whole ticket at common expiry

Vertical: P/L per complete ticket (USD)
Horizontal: Underlying settlement price (USD)

The whole ticket at common expirySolid combined curve is before fees; the second includes only the stated entry fees. Individual-leg lines explain construction. This is terminal intrinsic P/L, not current option value. Price can move outside the displayed range. The complete numerical data are available below.-1,771.42-1,063.11-354.803353.5031,061.811,770.12859197103109115
1. Combined terminal P/L before fees2. Combined terminal P/L after entry fees
Solid combined curve is before fees; the second includes only the stated entry fees. Individual-leg lines explain construction. This is terminal intrinsic P/L, not current option value. Price can move outside the displayed range.
See the individual legs behind the combined curveThe whole ticket at common expirySolid combined curve is before fees; the second includes only the stated entry fees. Individual-leg lines explain construction. This is terminal intrinsic P/L, not current option value. Price can move outside the displayed range. The complete numerical data are available below.-1,771.42-1,063.11-354.803353.5031,061.811,770.12859197103109115
1. Combined terminal P/L before fees2. Combined terminal P/L after entry fees3. Leg 1: SELL 1 100 call4. Leg 2: BUY 1 100 put
Read the graph as a data table
Complete graph data; original fictional observations or model calculations
Underlying settlement price (USD)Combined terminal P/L before feesCombined terminal P/L after entry feesLeg 1: SELL 1 100 callLeg 2: BUY 1 100 put
851,5001,498.74201,080
85.3751,462.51,461.24201,042.5
85.751,4251,423.74201,005
86.1251,387.51,386.2420967.5
86.51,3501,348.7420930
86.8751,312.51,311.2420892.5
87.251,2751,273.7420855
87.6251,237.51,236.2420817.5
881,2001,198.7420780
88.3751,162.51,161.2420742.5
88.751,1251,123.7420705
89.1251,087.51,086.2420667.5
89.51,0501,048.7420630
89.8751,012.51,011.2420592.5
90.25975973.7420555
90.625937.5936.2420517.5
91900898.7420480
91.375862.5861.2420442.5
91.75825823.7420405
92.125787.5786.2420367.5
92.5750748.7420330
92.875712.5711.2420292.5
93.25675673.7420255
93.625637.5636.2420217.5
94600598.7420180
94.375562.5561.2420142.5
94.75525523.7420105
95.125487.5486.242067.5
95.5450448.742030
95.875412.5411.2420-7.5
96.25375373.7420-45
96.625337.5336.2420-82.5
97300298.7420-120
97.375262.5261.2420-157.5
97.75225223.7420-195
98.125187.5186.2420-232.5
98.5150148.7420-270
98.875112.5111.2420-307.5
99.257573.7420-345
99.62537.536.2420-382.5
1000-1.3420-420
100.375-37.5-38.8382.5-420
100.75-75-76.3345-420
101.125-112.5-113.8307.5-420
101.5-150-151.3270-420
101.875-187.5-188.8232.5-420
102.25-225-226.3195-420
102.625-262.5-263.8157.5-420
103-300-301.3120-420
103.375-337.5-338.882.5-420
103.75-375-376.345-420
104.125-412.5-413.87.5-420
104.5-450-451.3-30-420
104.875-487.5-488.8-67.5-420
105.25-525-526.3-105-420
105.625-562.5-563.8-142.5-420
106-600-601.3-180-420
106.375-637.5-638.8-217.5-420
106.75-675-676.3-255-420
107.125-712.5-713.8-292.5-420
107.5-750-751.3-330-420
107.875-787.5-788.8-367.5-420
108.25-825-826.3-405-420
108.625-862.5-863.8-442.5-420
109-900-901.3-480-420
109.375-937.5-938.8-517.5-420
109.75-975-976.3-555-420
110.125-1,012.5-1,013.8-592.5-420
110.5-1,050-1,051.3-630-420
110.875-1,087.5-1,088.8-667.5-420
111.25-1,125-1,126.3-705-420
111.625-1,162.5-1,163.8-742.5-420
112-1,200-1,201.3-780-420
112.375-1,237.5-1,238.8-817.5-420
112.75-1,275-1,276.3-855-420
113.125-1,312.5-1,313.8-892.5-420
113.5-1,350-1,351.3-930-420
113.875-1,387.5-1,388.8-967.5-420
114.25-1,425-1,426.3-1,005-420
114.625-1,462.5-1,463.8-1,042.5-420
115-1,500-1,501.3-1,080-420

The failure case

A takeover-like upward gap creates losses that the now-worthless put cannot offset. A graph cropped before the large-upside region hides the main risk.

Check your understanding

Try the question before revealing its answer. These are reading checks, not trading certification or a site completion record.

What is whole-position terminal P/L at QLT 120.00, before costs?

Reveal the worked answer

$-2,000.00

Use all signed legs, not just the winning leg. The popup and graph use the same ticket.

Critical risk question

Does a terminal loss bound guarantee every early-assignment or liquidation outcome?

Reveal the worked answer

No.

It describes the specified common-settlement payoff. Product rules, stock delivery, capital and execution still matter.

Takeaway

Explain the intended linear bearish exposure exposure, each leg's obligation and the adverse price region before using the strategy name.

Sources, assumptions and downloadable script

External references support definitions and conventions. Worked scenarios and prose are original. No current quotes or dealer inventory are claimed.

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