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Advanced Options · ADV-21 · Core

Volatility skew

Which volatility are you buying or selling?

One concept per page · original written lesson · 348 prose words · authored, not installed or production-approved

What you will learn and prerequisites

Read first: Read a contract and its premium, Rights, obligations and expiration, Defined payoff risk is not margin, Read the whole multi-leg ticket

Skew describes different implied volatilities across strikes for a given expiry. Comparing only one ATM IV misses how a multi-leg ticket prices downside and upside claims.

A higher IV at a strike is not proof that its premium is overpriced: the strike-specific risk can differ.

Understand the mechanism

A downside put can carry different IV from an equally distant call. Delta conventions, moneyness and the underlying should match before comparison. Nominal premium can be lower even when implied volatility is higher because strike changes intrinsic and exercise probability.

A spread buys one part of the surface and sells another.

Walk through the process

Map each leg's IV, sensitivity and liquidity. State how skew might steepen, flatten or move with spot. Revalue the full ticket under those scenarios rather than shocking every leg identically by default.

Avoid presenting past skew as an arbitrage promise or treating an IV percentile as a forecast.

Model and implementation boundary

These are complete fictional reading examples, not live opportunities. Terminal identities assume the stated common settlement. Multi-expiry values require a surviving-leg model. Costs, assignment and financing can alter realized outcomes; a mathematical bound alone does not guarantee the same operational loss path.

A worked example

The fictional same-expiry surface has IV 35% at strike90, 25% at100 and 23% at110. A risk reversal selling the 90 put and buying the110 call is selling and buying different points of the surface.

That can make the premium financing attractive under a hypothesis, but the short downside obligation remains. The graph contains a strike-versus-IV curve, not option prices or a predicted future move.

Volatility skew—worked comparison

Vertical: Implied volatility (%)
Horizontal: Strike (USD)

Volatility skew—worked comparisonFictional data from the written example. The chart organizes the comparison; its shape is not a forecast. The complete numerical data are available below.21.9224.75227.58430.41633.24836.08909498102106110
1. Fictional example
Fictional data from the written example. The chart organizes the comparison; its shape is not a forecast.
Read the graph as a data table
Complete graph data; original fictional observations or model calculations
Strike (USD)Fictional example
9035
9529
10025
10524
11023

What would invalidate the reading?

A trader sells the highest IV leg without considering its tail exposure or liquidity. A skew trade can lose while the average IV level barely changes.

Check your understanding

Try the question before revealing its answer. These are reading checks, not trading certification or a site completion record.

Does lower nominal premium mean lower implied volatility?

Reveal the worked answer

No.

Strike and payoff affect premium as well as IV.

Critical risk question

What is the critical failure to avoid?

Reveal the worked answer

A trader sells the highest IV leg without considering its tail exposure or liquidity. A skew trade can lose while the average IV level barely changes.

Explain this risk before treating the example as a decision rule. A correct calculation does not guarantee a favorable market outcome.

Takeaway

Return to the question: Which volatility are you buying or selling? State the observed facts, the assumptions and the failure condition separately.

Sources, assumptions and downloadable script

External references support definitions and conventions. Worked scenarios and prose are original. No current quotes or dealer inventory are claimed.

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